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In the Archaic period of Greek history, an amphictyony (), a "league of neighbors", or Amphictyonic League was an ancient religious association of Greek tribes〔(History.com );(Encarta ). (Archived ) 2009-10-31.〕 formed in the dim past, before the rise of the Greek ''polis''. The six Dorian cities of coastal southwest Asia Minor, or the twelve Ionian cities to the north, a dodecapolis forming an Ionian League emerging in the aftermath of a dimly-remembered "Meliac war" in the mid-7th century BC, were already of considerable antiquity when the first written records emerge. ==Ancient historiography== Thucydides made recollection of the Lelantine War, apparently fought in Euboea sometime between the late 8th century BC and the first half of the 7th century BC: ''"The war between Chalcis and Eretria was the one in which most cities belonging to the rest of Greece were divided up into alliances with one side or the other."''〔Thucydides, I 15, 3.〕 Historians have puzzled over the broader meanings of "alliance" in such early times. "But comparatively large-scale associations lead more readily to contacts, to friendships and enmities at a distance than do little city-like units," George Forrest notes,〔Forrest, "Greece: The history of the archaic Period", in John Boardman, Jasper Griffin and Oswyn Murray, ''Greece and the Hellenistic World'' (Oxford University Press, 1986) 1988:14f.〕 remarking apropos that Phrygia and Assyria were at war with each other about 720–710 BC, raising tensions among interested Greeks. In historic times, an amphictyony might survive as a form of religious organization enjoined to support specific temples or sacred places; traditional amphictyonies coordinated Olympic and Pythian games. Twelve members would meet at specific times in the same sanctuary to keep religious festivals and conduct other matters as well. An early amphictyony centered on Kalaureia, an island close to the coast of Troezen in the Peloponnesus sacred to Poseidon, was noted by Strabo. Archaeology of the site suggested to Thomas Kelly that the sacred league was founded in the second quarter of the 7th century BC, ca 680-650;〔Thomas Kelly, "The Calaurian Amphictiony" ''American Journal of Archaeology'' 70.2 (April 1966:113-121).〕 before that date there were virtually no remains at the site, which could not have been used more than sporadically.〔Some Mycenaean objects found at the site related to a few ancient burials without connection to Poseidon. (Kelly 1966:115, 116).〕 The island was known at one time as ''Eirene'' (Εἰρήνη) ("Peace"), clearly in reference to the amphictiony.〔In a fragment of Aristotle and in the Suidas, ''s.v.'' "Kalaunia" (Kelly 1966:118 note 45).〕 Strabo〔Strabo, ''Geography'' viii.6.14〕 lists the ''poleis'' that belonged: :"''And there was also a kind of Amphictyonic League connected with this temple, a league of seven cities which shared in the sacrifice; they were Hermione, Epidaurus, Aegina, Athens, Prasïeis, Nauplïeis, and Orchomenus Minyeius;〔That is, "Minyan Orchomenus, in Boeotia; the eighth-century date of Orchomenus' last access to the sea and the general agreement, following Strabo, that the league was a sea league, have affected the dating of the league.〕 however, the Argives paid dues for the Nauplians,〔That is, Argos took the place of Nauplia; the Argives destroyed Nauplia shortly after the Second Messenian War, of uncertain date in the mid-seventh century.〕 and the Lacedaemonians for the Prasians.''"〔That is, Sparta took the place of Prasïeis, which was conquered by Sparta shortly after the middle of the sixth century (Kelly 1966:119, noting Herodotus, i.82)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amphictyonic League」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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